Lang,Margaret

Case Reference: C/EGD/1777

Case Summary
Case RefC/EGD/1777
AccusedMargaret Lang
Case Start Date19/3/1697
Case Date10/6/1697
Common NameLang,Margaret
Characterization
TypePrimarySecondary
Demonic
Demonic Possession
Fairies
Maleficium
White Magic

Notes: Complicated case involving numerous accusations of murdering children through magical strangulation and possession of several children. Much of the evidence was derived from the testimony of children who claimed to be possessed and tormented by witches. But there was great concern over the murdered children and a murdered minister. The record describes the physical torment of the possessed children in great detail. An extraordinary document!

Devil PresentYes
Communal SexNo
Devil WorshipNo
Food and DrinkNo
DancingYes
SingingNo

Notes: There were seven witches' meetings alleged in the Renfrew trials of 1697. The meetings were said to have taken place in 1696 for the murder of a minister and several infants and children and the tormenting of Christian Shaw and other young people. The participants supposedly danced, did image magic, met with the devil, and plotted bad things. The meetings were described by a few people who confessed and several children who claimed to have been present.

Meeting Places
PlaceLocationInversion
kilpatrickNo
MoorKilmacolmeNo
Yardchristian shaw'sNo
Yardmurdered minister, Mr. John HardieNo
Housemurdered boyNo

Her mark was described as a 'horn mark'. Not only was she pricked, but they threaded the mark with a tailor's needle and drew thread through the mark and pulled it.

TypeText
Anti-baptism
Devil's Markleft shoulder
Devil Appearances
TypeText
Maleblack hood and shawl
Maleblack mane, black coat, blue cravat
FemaleAntiochia, gentle wife of the devil

Elphane/Fairyland
Food/Drink
Verbal Formulae
Ritual Acts
Familiars
Shape Changing
Dreams/Visions
Unorthodox Religious Practice
Sympathetic Magic
Riding Dead

Notes: Accused of participating in 6 meetings where wax images with pins were used to enact murder. Roasting the wax image was also used to kill and torment people. One meeting to strangle a child took place at midnight in the child's bedroom. Apparently physical charms made of bone, blood, and hair were found. She was also a known spirit medium who could allow people to talk with their dead relatives.

Elf/Fairy Elements
  • 12:00
Ritual Objects
  • Wax/clay images
  • Blood (animal)
  • Bone
  • Hair

Harm
Human Illness
Human Death
Animal Illness
Animal Death
Female Infertility
Male Impotence
Methods
Aggravating Disease
Transferring Disease
Laying On
Quarreling
Cursing
Poisoning
Healing / Other
Removal of Bewitchment
Recognised Healer
Healing Humans
Healing Animals
Midwifery
Property Damage
Weather Modification

Disease Notes: The group was accused of murdering children by strangulation. Children were murdered in this way by someone unknown. Possession signs were - thrashing, extraordinary strength, bite marks, welts, spitting pins and hair, vomit and more.

White Magic
  • Spirit Medium

  • Invocation of Spirits
  • Murder

NameTitleInvolvementNotes
John Alexander of BlackhouseCommissioner
James Brisbane MrInvestigator
John Houston Sir of that IlkCommissioner
John Kincaid Mr of CarsbusketCommissioner
Alexander King MrInvestigator
John Maxwell Sir of Nether PollokCommissioner
Francis Montgomery Mr of GiffuieCommissioner
William Muir of GlanderstonCommissioner
Robert Sempill Commissioner
John Shaw Sir of GreenockCommissioner
Patrick Simpson MrInvestigator
Alexander Stewart Lord BlantyreCommissioner
John Stewart Mr of BlackhallCommissioner
Andrew Turner MrInvestigator

SourceReferenceNotes
Circuit Court BooksJC10/4 fo. 1r-81r second paginationSee also R. Boulton 'Compleat History of Magick, Sorcery and Witchcraft' London, 1716, Vol 2 pp. 51-165. This reference was not checked by the project.
Privy CouncilPC1/51 p. 136-9
Trials (1)
Trial RefDateYearVerdictSentenceExecution
T/LA/1191 12/5/16971697 GuiltyExecution Yes
Case Notes
Part of the Renfrewshire cases of 1697 - one of seven who was tried out the 28+ accused.